Plaque is a sticky film that forms on the teeth. It is almost invisible, but is actually a growing colony of living bacteria that feeds on food debris and saliva. If bacteria is not removed, it produces toxins that inflame the gums and can be the start of periodontal (gum) disease.

Calculus is another name for tartar. Is is hardened plaque that has been left on the tooth long enough to firmly bond onto the surface. It can form above and below the gum line, and must be removed with specialized dental instruments that can scrape off the tartar without damaging the tooth.

During your appointment, your dentist or hygienist can:

• Remove hard and soft deposits (tartar and plaque) and stains from teeth
• Give personalized care instructions
• Administer fluoride and sealants to help prevent cavities
• Perform scaling, or removal of tartar from teeth
• Polish the teeth with an abrasive paste that removes minor stains and smooths the tooth, giving it a smooth surface that will be better resistant to plaque build-up
• Educate patients about periodontal disease and oral hygiene

A dental hygienist is a licensed dental professional who specializes in oral health and preventing periodontal disease. Hygienists undergo extensive education and training to provide care to their patients.

Periodontal disease, or periodontitis, is a serious gum infection that damages the tissue and destroys the bone that supports your teeth. It can cause tooth loss, and can also create an increased risk of heart attack or stroke. It is common, but highly preventable, and is usually the result of poor oral hygiene. Plaque and tartar buildup on the teeth can create gingivitis, which is the early stages of periodontal disease.

The better that your oral hygiene is at home, the more comfortable and the less bleeding you will experience after a dental cleaning. If a patient does not brush and floss regularly and in the correct manner, bacteria builds up along the gum line next to the tooth. This bacteria irritates the gum, and it becomes more sensitive. When the gums are extremely sensitive, even the gentle touch of dental instruments can cause the tissue to bleed.

Fluoride is a mineral that helps to strengthen tooth enamel, the outermost layer of the tooth. It can be applied to the tooth as a rinse, gel, foam or a varnish. A stronger tooth enamel will be more resistant to acids that can lead to tooth decay.

A standard dental visit typically lasts between 45 minutes to an hour, depending on whether X-rays or additional preventive treatments are needed. Your dentist ensures every step is thorough yet comfortable.

Yes. Many dental issues, such as cavities or gum disease, can develop without pain or visible signs. Routine check-ups allow early detection and treatment before problems become more serious or costly.

If you feel nervous, share your concerns with your dentist. They can explain each step, take things slowly, and use comfort techniques to make your experience relaxed and stress-free.

Bring identification, your dental insurance card (if applicable), and a list of medications or health conditions. This helps your dental team provide the safest and most personalized care possible.